> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.klimadao.finance/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.klimadao.finance/references/estimating-carbon-emissions.md).

# Estimating Carbon Emissions

## Air Travel

The most authoritative source for estimated emissions associated with commercial air travel is this calculator from ICAO: <https://applications.icao.int/icec/Home/Index>

For private air travel, emissions are substantially higher and highly dependent on the aircraft flown and number of passengers.

## Personal Annual Emissions

Based on widely available statistics for many countries, it is possible for individual consumers to estimate their emissions by filling in details about their lifestyle into a form like these:

* General-purpose global calculator: <https://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx>
* Official USA EPA calculator for US-based individuals: <https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/>

## On-Chain Transactions

* [carbon.fyi](https://carbon.fyi) is an easy-to-use interface for estimating emission from Ethereum mainnet transactions
  * NOTE: emissions are approximately 0 since the Merge, only 800 tonnes annually for the entire network, so addresses with no pre-merge transactions will show 0 emissions
  * KlimaDAO has also developed a Dune query suitable for estimating emissions from an arbitrarily large batch of addresses, based on the same emissions estimate as carbon.fyi here: <https://dune.com/queries/1582379>